alap  an arhythmic melody based upon specific structures and progression in ragas
 
 rag  a musical system based upon a large variety of scales with
             certain specific features and performance customary phrases
 
 samaya  (time) the time of day when a rag should be performed 


 
 Scales 

Sa 1st degree of the scale
Re 2nd degree of the scale
Ga 3rd degree of the scale
Ma 4th degree of the scale
Pa 5th degree of the scale
Dha 6th degree of the scale
Ni 7th degree of the scale
Sa 8th degree of the scale (octave)

 
 aroha  ascending scale
 
 avaroha  descending scale
 
 vakra  zig-zag scale

 
 thaat  one of an excepted group of 10 scales supposed to form the basis 
               of subsidiary scales; always contains the same notes in ascent in descent;
			   Mathematically there are 72 possible scales ("Mela")
 
 mela  a South Indian musical concept based upon mathematical development of 
              7-note scales; discovered by a man named Venkat Makhi 
 
 jati  (cast) varities of scales having 5, 6, or 7 notes in ascent and
               5, 6 or 7 notes in descent, not necessarily the same # of notes.
	 9 types of Jati 
	5 notes in aroha, 5 notes in  avaroha 
	5 notes in aroha, 6 notes in  avaroha  
	5 notes in aroha, 7 notes in  avaroha  
	6 notes in aroha, 5 notes in  avaroha 
	6 notes in aroha, 6 notes in  avaroha  
	6 notes in aroha, 7 notes in  avaroha 
	7 notes in aroha, 5 notes in  avaroha 
	7 notes in aroha, 6 notes in  avaroha 
	7 notes in aroha, 7 notes in  avaroha 
 
 achal  (non-movable) refers to the fact that Sa and Pa
               cannot be flattened



All varied notes in English are for some unnacountable reason called 'accidentals'.
In Raga music, they're called Vikrit Swar. All Vikrit Swar are komal
except for the 4th Ma,which is tivra.
 
 tivra  (sharp) sharped note
 
 komal  (soft) flatted/lowered note
 
 pakad  (handle) a typical phrase that is customarily played in a raga
                which upon listening to it will identify the raga clearly to the listener


 
 Rhythm
 
 
 khali  (empty) non-resonant stressed division of a tal
 
 tali  a stressed resonant division of a tal
 
 tal  (clap) a rhythmic cycle with specific strokes and divisions made up of
             any number of matra
 
 matra  (dose) a beat

 
 
saptak -  Group of 7, Octave  

 mandra saptak  low octave

 madhya saptak  middle octave

 tar saptak high octave